Ruptured subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm following a shoulder massage on a background of clavicle non-union.

We present an unusual case of ruptured subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm following hydrotherapy and shoulder massage session on a background of clavicle non-union.Following a clavicle fracture 16 years ago, which was managed conservatively, a woman in her 30s presents over a decade later with a ruptured subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm.The original midshaft clavicle fracture was sustained 16 years ago. Conservative management was agreed, and she was discharged. Six years ago, she developed a small subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm which was kept under surveillance for 12 months with no active intervention required.Over the following years, she continued to have intermittent shoulder girdle discomfort and neuropathic symptoms. On this presentation, after a sports massage, she presented with rapid-onset supraclavicular and axillary swelling. This was diagnosed as a ruptured subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm and was treated with emergency radiological-guided stenting and subsequent internal fixation of the clavicle non-union.The patient then attended regular orthopaedic and vascular follow-up to ensure her clavicle fracture unites and the graft remains patent.We discuss the case presentation and management of this unusual injury.

Clinical analysis of the acromial height-measuring device combined with new-type clavicular hook plate and standard clavicular hook plate in the treatment of Neer type II distal clavicle fractures.

BACKGROUND: Distal clavicular fracture is a shoulder joint injury that is common in clinical settings and is generally surgically treated using the clavicular hook plate technique with a confirmed curative effect. However, symptoms, such as shoulder abduction limitation, shoulder discomfort, and postoperative joint pain, may occur in some patients. To overcome these problems, after a previous study we developed an acromial height-measuring device and a new type of clavicular hook plate. This study aimed to investigate whether an acromial height-measuring device combined with an improved new-type clavicular hook plate can better reduce the incidence of complications and improve postoperative function. To provide patients with better treatment effects, an acromion gauge and clavicular hook plate are used. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 81 patients with distal clavicular fractures admitted to our hospital. They were divided into experimental and control groups according to different plates, and the Constant-Murley score, visual analogue scale score, incidence of acromion osteolysis, and incidence of subacromial impingement syndrome were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the standard clavicular hook plate, the acromial height-measuring device combined with the new-type clavicular hook plate in the treatment of distal clavicle fractures has a lower incidence of subacromial impingement syndrome with better postoperative functional recovery and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: We considered the acromial height-measuring device combined with the new clavicular hook plate to be a safe and promising alternative to distal clavicular fractures.

Decreasing Radiation Exposure in Pediatric Clavicle and Metatarsal Fractures: A QI Initiative.

BACKGROUND: Protecting the pediatric population from unnecessary medical radiation is an important public health initiative. Efforts have been made to reduce radiation exposure in the treatment of pediatric fractures without compromising quality of care. Using a standardized protocol for imaging of pediatric clavicle and metatarsal fractures is a reliable method for reducing pediatric radiation exposure in the management of these fractures. METHODS: In the year 2015, the senior author altered follow-up imaging practices for 2 common pediatric fractures: metatarsal and clavicular. Initial radiographic evaluation included the standard 3 views for metatarsal fractures and 2 views for clavicle fractures. This standard diagnostic procedure remained constant throughout the study. Follow-up x-rays from 2009 to 2014 routinely included 3 views of the foot and 2 views of the clavicle. The protocol was changed and from 2016 to 2019, follow-up x-rays for fractures routinely included 2 views of the foot and 1 view of the clavicle, thereby decreasing the number of x-rays utilized to manage these fractures. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the number of clavicle x-rays (P<0.001) and metatarsal x-rays (P=0.004) taken in follow-up between the time-periods. Median values for metatarsal views decreased by 1, matching the adjustment in protocol. In addition, the vast majority of clavicle fractures (90.80%) were managed with 1 follow-up view in 2016 to 2019 compared with 2 views (72.48%) from 2009 to 2014. CONCLUSIONS: This study achieved a reduction in radiation exposure in pediatric patients with nonoperatively managed clavicle and metatarsal fractures. Improving the quality of care of patients through decreasing the number of x-rays taken protects individuals from adverse side effects, as well as offers various public health benefits in terms of reduction in expenditures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective comparative study.

Plating of clavicle fracture using the wide-awake technique.

BACKGROUND: Fixation of clavicle fractures has now become a more popular option as it provides better outcome compared with conservative management. Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) has been effectively used in plating of distal radius and olecranon fractures. This paper expands the usage of WALANT into the shoulder girdle, namely plating of the clavicle that has not been described. The operation is typically performed under general anesthesia. METHODS: We report a case series of 16 patients who successfully underwent fixation of the clavicle under the wide-awake technique. The clavicle fractures were grouped under the AO Fracture Classification. The WALANT solution comprised 1% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine, and 10:1 sodium bicarbonate. A total of 40 mL was injected in each patient with 10 mL subcutaneously along the clavicle followed by 30 mL subperiosteally at multiple intervals and directions. RESULTS: The Numerical Pain Rating Score was 0 during WALANT injection and during surgery except for 2 patients with Numerical Pain Rating Scores of 1 and 2, respectively, during reduction. CONCLUSION: We conclude that clavicle plating under WALANT is a good alternative option of anesthesia.

Obstetric practices performed by nurse-midwives of a hospital natural birth center / Prácticas obstétricas en centro de parto normal intrahospitalario realizadas por enfermeras obstetras / Práticas obstétricas em centro de parto normal intra-hospitalar realizadas por enfermeiras obstetras

Abstract Objectives: To characterize the practices used by nurse-midwives in a Natural Birth Center (NBC) and to verify the maternal and neonatal outcomes. Method: This was a cross-sectional, documentary, retrospective study with a quantitative approach in which the medical records of 300 parturients who gave birth in a state hospital in the city of São Paulo were analyzed. The categories of the World Health Organization (WHO) composed the criteria adopted for the analysis of the obstetric practices. Fisher's exact test or the likelihood ratio and Student t-test were used. Results: The nurse-midwives mostly used category A practices of the WHO. There were no statistically significant associations between practices and perineal outcomes. There was a statistically significant association between the weight of the newborn and the number of neonatal complications, as well as between the delivery position of the primiparous women and clavicle fractures of the newborns. Conclusion and Implications for the practice: Evidence-based practices were followed by the nurse-midwives in the NBC analyzed. The maternal and neonatal outcomes were adequate. There is a need to improve care in the second stage of the delivery in order to avoid behaviors that reflect in neonatal complications. The study makes it possible to reflect on the importance of the continuous evaluation of the care provided.

Resumen Objetivos: Caracterizar las prácticas utilizadas por las enfermeras obstetras en un Centro de Parto Normal (CPN) y verificar los resultados maternos y neonatales. Método: Estudio transversal, documental, retrospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, en el cual fueron analizados prontuarios de 300 parturientas que dieron a luz en hospital público de la ciudad de São Paulo. Los criterios adoptados para el análisis de las prácticas obstétricas fueron las categorías de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Fueron utilizadas las pruebas, exacto de Fisher o razón de verosimilitud (Likelihood Ratio) y t-Student. Resultados: Las enfermeras obstetras utilizaron mayoritariamente las prácticas de la categoría A de la OMS. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las asociaciones entre las prácticas y los resultados perineales. Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el peso del recién nacido y el número de intercurrencias neonatales, así como entre las posiciones de parto de las primíparas con la fractura de clavícula de los recién nacidos. Conclusión e Implicaciones para la práctica: Las prácticas basadas en evidencias son seguidas por las enfermeras obstetras en el CPN analizado. Los resultados maternos y neonatales se mostraron adecuados. Es necesario mejorar la asistencia en el segundo período del parto para evitar conductas que reflejen en las interacciones neonatales. El estudio posibilita la reflexión sobre la importancia de la evaluación continuada de la asistencia prestada.

Resumo Objetivos: Caracterizar as práticas utilizadas pelas enfermeiras obstetras em um Centro de Parto Normal (CPN) e verificar os desfechos maternos e neonatais. Método: Estudo transversal, documental, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Analisaram-se prontuários de 300 parturientes que deram à luz em hospital estadual da cidade de São Paulo. Os critérios adotados para a análise das práticas obstétricas foram as categorias da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Utilizaram-se os testes exatos de Fisher ou razão de verossimilhança (Likelihood Ratio) e t-Student. Resultados: As enfermeiras obstetras utilizaram majoritariamente as práticas da categoria A da OMS. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa nas associações entre as práticas e os desfechos perineais. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o peso do recém-nascido e o número de intercorrências neonatais e entre as posições de parto das primíparas com a fratura de clavícula dos recém-nascidos. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática: As práticas baseadas em evidências são seguidas pelas enfermeiras obstetras no CPN analisado. Os desfechos maternos e neonatais mostraram-se adequados. Há necessidade de melhorar a assistência no segundo período do parto, evitando condutas que reflitam em intercorrências neonatais. O estudo possibilita a reflexão sobre a importância da avaliação continuada da assistência prestada.

Lesión lítica en la clavícula como forma de presentación de osteomielitis por Escherichia coli / Lytic lesion in clavicle as a presentation of Escherichia coli osteomyelitis

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[Newborn and infant fractures secondary to traditional massage]. / Fractures du nouveau-né et du nourrisson secondaires au massage traditionnel.

The traditional massage of the newborn and young infant is an ancient practice in Africa and other regions. It has many benefits that are currently recognized, even in Western societies. However, it can be dangerous. We report two cases of fractures of the femur and clavicle that occurred in a 17-day-old newborn and a 1-month-old infant secondary to a traditional massage. In both cases, there was no concept of trauma or a history of osteogenesis imperfecta in the family or the presence of other fractures suggesting abuse. We concluded in a fracture caused by traditional massage in both cases. Given its many benefits as described in the literature, the traditional massage of young infants cannot be considered a harmful practice. However, it should be practiced with care to prevent the occurrence of such complications.

Post-traumatic nonunion of the clavicle in a 4-year-old boy and the importance of vitamin D level testing.

Clavicle fractures in children are common and usually go on to achieve solid union with closed treatment. A limited number of pediatric clavicle fracture nonunion cases have been reported in the literature, none of which were directly associated with hypovitaminosis D. We report the youngest case to our knowledge in a 4-year-old vitamin D-deficient male with a 6-month-old right midshaft clavicle fracture nonunion that was treated successfully with vitamin D supplementation, followed by open reduction and internal fixation with autologus iliac crest bone grafting.

The treatment of clavicular shaft fractures with an innovative locked intramedullary device.

BACKGROUND: Displaced and shortened clavicular shaft fractures can be treated by intramedullary fixation; however, hardware migration and soft tissue irritation at the insertion site have complicated its use. The aim of this study was to determine whether the new Sonoma CRx intramedullary device (Sonoma Orthopedic Products Inc, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) could be used successfully to treat displaced and shortened clavicular shaft fractures and restore the functional capacity of shoulder without the development of secondary complications. METHODS: Displaced and shortened clavicular shaft fractures in 47 consecutive patients were treated with the CRx device. Incision size was captured during the surgical procedure. The union rate was evaluated postoperatively. Shoulder function was assessed by Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score, the Constant Shoulder Score, and a range of motion score. Patients were assessed after 3 to 6 months (group I), 6 to 9 months (group II), or 9 to 12 months (group III) postoperatively. RESULTS: Union was achieved in all patients at the time of review, without any incidence of hardware migration. Postoperative complications developed in 3 patients, comprising infection in 1 and hardware failure in 2. No differences among the groups were found for the DASH score (P = .33), Constant Shoulder Score (P = .38), and range of motion score (P = .96). The DASH, Constant Shoulder, and range of motion scores were similar to other successful treatment options, such as plating. CONCLUSION: The Sonoma CRx is a good alternative device to treat displaced and shortened clavicular shaft fractures and restore the functional capacity of the shoulder. Future research should focus on when nailing and plating should be used to treat clavicular shaft fractures most optimally.

[Topical pharmacologic approach with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in the treatment of localized neuropathic pain]. / Approccio farmacologico topico con lidocaina cerotto 5% nel trattamento del dolore neuropatico localizzato.

The treatment of neuropathic pain is a medical challenge. The responsiveness to the different classes of drugs is often unsatisfactory and frequently associated to a wide range of side effects. International guidelines suggest for the "localized" neuropathic pain the topical treatment with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster, alone or associated to systemic drugs, as the first choice since its favorable efficacy and tolerability profile. Many clinical experiences support the rationale for using 5% lidocaine medicated plaster in different kinds of localized neuropathic pain, such as postherpetic and trigeminal neuralgia, compressive syndromes, painful diabetic polyneuropathy and pain secondary to trauma or surgical interventions. This paper reports a series of clinical cases whose heterogeneity suggests the wide burden of applicability of the topical 5% lidocaine, either alone and associated to systemic drugs. All the described conditions were characterized by a highly intense pain, not adequately controlled by actual medications, which improved after the use of topical lidocaine. The good response to lidocaine allowed the reduction, of even the withdrawal, of concurrent drugs and improved the patients' quality of life.

Preventive nursing of neonatal clavicular fracture in midwifery: a report of six cases and review of the literature.

PURPOSE: To summarize and analyze the obstetric factors and medical care for neonatal clavicle fracture during delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 4,456 vaginal deliveries, only six newborns were found with a clavicle fracture in our hospital from October 2002 to October 2011. RESULTS: Clinical findings showed that dystocia and improper midwifery manoeuvres are the two major reasons which lead to newborn clavicular fractures. CONCLUSION: More attention should be paid to non-violent traction and proper treatment of shoulder dystocia.

Two cases of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage presenting with persistent jaundice.

The adrenal hemorrhage is a relatively rare event in newborns but must be considered in the presence of a persistent unexplained jaundice, especially in presence of predisposing factors. Serial ultrasonography is the modality of choice for initial diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. We report two cases of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage presenting with persistent jaundice. The causes of the neonatal adrenal hemorrhages were a difficult vaginal delivery in macrosomic infant and a neonatal infection.

La luxación esternoclavicular en accidente deportivo: a proposito de un caso / Posterior sternoclavicular dislocation in sport: one case

La luxación posterior esternoclavicular es una entidad poco frecuente en el ámbito deportivo, y que puede ocasionar lesiones importantes a nivel de los grandes vasos y de las estructuras del mediastino superior. Su diagnóstico es difícil debido a su baja frecuencia de incidencia así como la poca ayuda que nos da la radiografía antero-posterior. Por esta razón es de gran ayuda tanto la meticulosa exploración física como el uso de la tomografía axial computerizada. En el presente trabajo presentamos una luxación posterior esternoclavicular producida tras accidente deportivo de judo, y al mismo tiempo revisamos la bibliografía existente sobre estas lesiones (AU)

Posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle: analysis of 7 cases and a review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical manifestation, radiographic features, and treatment of 7 cases of posttraumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle. Also, to furnish evidence indicating that the current terminology for this disorder is ambiguous and to propose a new classification system. CLINICAL FEATURES: Three cases resulted from acute trauma, and 4 cases were caused by sports-related repetitive microtrauma. All the cases involved young male patients who had similar clinical presentations that included shoulder pain with decreased shoulder range of motion. Radiographic findings ranged from small erosive changes to aggressive osteolysis of the distal clavicle. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: All the patients were treated with conservative care consisting of sling immobilization, ice, various physiotherapeutic modalities, and mobilization exercises. The patients that followed through with care showed clinical improvement within 3 months. Follow-up radiographic examinations, when performed, demonstrated reconstitution of the distal clavicle of various degrees, although lagging behind clinical evidence of improvement. CONCLUSION: Traumatic osteolysis of the distal clavicle may result from acute trauma or repetitive microtrauma. Radiographic changes are varied, including irregularity of the distal clavicle, cystic erosions, and blatant osteolysis. Positive outcomes may be achieved with conservative care; however, patient compliance plays a fundamental role in the overall prognosis.

[Clavicle fracture in the newborn]. / Ujszülöttek kulcscsonttörése.

The authors have found 244 clavicle fractures during 4131 vaginal delivery (5.91%). Both clavicles of three newborns have fractured. The incidence of fracture had relation to weight of newborns, to weakness of pains and to vacuum extraction. The Apgar score of the newborns with fractured clavicle was not less, than one of newborns with unbroken clavicle. None of 704 newborns from cesarean section, and none of 52 newborns, who was born out of the hospital had fracture of the clavicle. The cause of fracture is the violent hurry of delivery, the drawing of the head before birth of shoulders. One of 244 injured newborns had permanent brachial plexus palsy. Late complication was not found. Between the injured newborns was more frequent the jaundice requiring phototherapy.

Inadvertent clavicular fractures caused by "chiropractic" manipulations in an infant: an unusual form of pseudoabuse.

A nine-month-old child was found unresponsive in his crib, five hours after his last feeding. At autopsy, there were no external or internal signs of abuse or neglect, and a few visceral pleural and epicardial petechiae were consistent with the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). However, postmortem total body radiographs revealed healing, symmetrical clavicular fractures and a healing left medial humeral epicondyle fracture. The parents had no explanation for these injuries and denied causing any harm to the child. The location and nature of the fractures strongly suggested abusive origin, and the case was reported to the police and the district attorney's office as child abuse. During the investigation, information from the parents indicated that the child had undergone "chiropractic" manipulations by an unlicensed therapist, between three and four weeks prior to death, to correct supposed "shoulder dislocations." This time interval correlated with the histologic age of the injuries, and the history explained their unusual bilateral location and appearance. The parents were exonerated of abuse charges, and the death was ascribed to SIDS.

[Direct electrostimulation in the treatment plan of pseudarthroses]. / Direkte Elektrostimulation im Behandlungsplan der Pseudarthrosen.

Direct electrostimulation with bipolar rectangular pulse currents was used as a complementary measure on 13 patients with pseudoarthrosis and delayed healing of fractures. In ten cases now completed, evidence was produced to accelerated ossification and transformation of autologous spongiosa, which cut consolidation periods by several months. Implantable mini-stimulators have yielded good clinical results.